Neurovision
Content
In this diaporama, you will find a continuing selection of "Neurovision" illustrations. Feel free to come back and visit regularly.
The tongue as a portal to the visual cortex in congenital blindness: the blind's brain
Fig. 1: Animal studies:
A. Formation of retinal projection in MGB illustrated with intraocular injection of CTB.
B. Behavioral training of visual discriminations.
The tongue as a portal to the visual cortex in congenital blindness: the blind's brain
Fig. 2: Integrity of the two visual streams in the congenitally blind:
A. The motion (dorsal) stream.
B. The shape (ventral) stream.
The tongue as a portal to the visual cortex in congenital blindness: the blind's brain
Fig. 3: Neural correlates of navigation. A. Flat map of the cortex showing the visual areas and the parahippocampus in the blind. B. Flat map of the cortex in subjects doing the same tasks in full vision. Note the similarities between the various brain activations.
The Neuro Ocular Plane (NOP)
Fig. 1: The control panels in a 3Tesla MRI room, in front of the Faraday cage (dappled).
The Neuro Ocular Plane (NOP)
Fig. 2: Initial observation of the NOP in an adult using an X-ray brain scanner (1973). In primary gaze position, the axial section and thick (6mm) cephalic transverse section contains, from front to back, the relative hyperdensities of the 2 crystalline lenses, of the heads of the two optic nerves and of the 2 optic canals.
The Neuro Ocular Plane (NOP)
Fig. 3: Top left the anatomical diagrams describing the human body, Homo sapiens standing, "looking towards the horizon". Top middle, skull without a mandible (removed) placed on a board with 2 needles stuck into the 2 optic canals at the back and the 2 centres of the orbital surfaces at the front, virtual diagram of vision parallel to the horizontal board. Top right, Paul Broca. Bottom, model of the optic pathways, in white, orthogonal to the cervical spine and the arterial axes.
The Neuro Ocular Plane (NOP)
Fig. 4: Display of several cephalic orientation planes on a median cephalic section of the head (MRI), with the NOP defining the horizontal. Top left, NOP with CA-CP (white anterior and posterior commissure – mammillary body), CP-MB chiasmatic point-mammillary body), OM (orbitomeatal). Top right, bicommissural verticals (ACV and PCV). Bottom left, the NOP horizontal. Bottom right, Orbitomeatal plane (+ 20° over the previous one).
The Neuro Ocular Plane (NOP)
Fig. 5: In vivo and in morte, NOP of visual pathways 3D referencing of the head) (X-ray scan and MRI) shown here by a red line on the face of the bald headed man with a moustache. The so-called "Francfort" planes (+ 7°, below, in black) OM (and AC-PC) used in traditional radiology and stereotactic neurosurgery (in red + 20° below). In MRI recognition of grey matter (cortex, nuclei) and white matter, left, right, confirms the anatomic correlation of the visual pathways, "from the cornea to the calcarine fissure".
The Neuro Ocular Plane (NOP)
Fig. 6: In vivo, respecting the NOP means people can see one another and speak to each other. The horizontality defined by the black line placed on the door (behind the two people in profile) positions the NOP, fixed at 7° on the Frankfort and vestibular skeletal planes (6°5). When lifting their chins to 20°, the 2 men stand to attention, looking towards the horizon with an angular difference (+ 20°) compared to the OM.
The Neuro Ocular Plane (NOP)
Fig. 7: Oblique trans-hemispheric neuro-ocular plane (OTNOP): left, trajectory of the sections used and the result, right, compare with the median sagittal plane of the head with MRI.
The Neuro Ocular Plane (NOP)
Fig. 8: Exophtalmometry by axial section (MRI or X-Ray scan), anterior visual pathways, from crystalline lens – optic canal.
The Neuro Ocular Plane (NOP)
Fig. 10: Grades of exophthalmia (dysthyroid ophthalmopathy).
The Neuro Ocular Plane (NOP)
Fig. 11: Clinical application of the OTNOP: the direct view of the 4 segments of the optic nerve (intra-ocular, intra-orbital, intra-canal and intra-cranial intracisternal), offers varied semiological diagrams, showing the diameter and nerve signal: atrophia, SEP plaque, vascular accident, intrinsic and extrinsic tumour pathology, dilation of spaces by HIC.
